Lead Iodide experiment

A solutions of lead (II) nitrate is dropped into a solution of potassium iodide, forming a brilliant yellow lead iodide precipitate.

Physical or Chemical Changes

Physical & chemical changes from butch2bn

Chemical Reaction Quiz

2. Marco 

The student is able to distinguish between physical change and chemical reaction           1.Marco tears a piece of notebook paper into smaller pieces, tearing paper into pieces  pieces is an example of what kind of change?              2. Which process is an example of a physical change?           A. burning B. rusting .  C.flattening 3. Chemical changes result in new substances, but physical changes do not. Which process is an example of a chemical change? A. baking a cake B. chopping a tree  C. heating a cup of tea 4. Which observation is a sign of a chemical change? A. A rotting potato gives off a bad smell. B. A melting block of ice leaves a large puddle. C. A cloud changes shape when blown by wind. D. A plaster statue breaks when it falls onto the floor.                      5. There are several differences between chemical and physical changes. Which process is an example of a chemical change? A. steam rising from a boiling pot of soup B. a metal railing rusting in damp weather C. alcohol evaporating from a cotton swab D. a piece of wood shrinking as it dries out

Physical and Chemical Changes

How to clean fossils with vinegar

Curiosity

Cells contain molecules that are made up of even smaller components called atoms.

http://www.dummies.com/education/science/building-the-body-from-atoms-to-organs/

What are atoms?

What are atoms?

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. A desk, the air, even you are made up of atoms!

Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements. The term "atom" comes from the Greek word for indivisible, because it was once thought that atoms were the smallest things in the universe and could not be divided. We now know that atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons — which are composed of even smaller particles such as quarks.

https://education.jlab.org/atomtour/
https://www.livescience.com/37206-atom-definition.html

Stars brightness and distance

Study for Science test!

Science review

Use the text book to help. Write complete answers on your blog book.

1.    What is a light-year? Scientist use it to measure what?

2.    How is a star formed?

3.    How does a star dies?

4.      What is a black hole?

5.    What is a constellation? Can we see the same constellation all over the world? Why?

6.    Do starts actually move through the sky? Explain.

7.    What makes a star be bright?

Color of the stars

What are stars?

Posters

Brain Connections

Brain powerpoint from Tania Gabriela Verniers

Animal Structures

Animal structures powerpoint from Tania Gabriela Verniers


Copy and answer the questions on your blog book. Use the power point to help you.

Animal Structure Quiz

                              

1.What system are muscles part of?
Muscles are part of the muscular system.

3.What organ pumps blood throughout the body?
The heart pumps blood throughout the body.

4.What organ is responsible for body structure?
The bones are in charge of body structure.

5. What system is the lung part of?
The lungs are part of the respiratory system

Matching

6.Skin  B                      A. Nervous System

7.Brain A                      B. Allows for the sense of feel (Integumentary System)

8.Stomach _D_                C. Consumer with strict diet of plants

9.Carnivore _E_               D. Processes food

10.Herbivore _C_             E. An Organism that eats meat

Paragraph Completion. Use the words from the word bank

Word Bank: Circulatory; Growth; Muscles; Behavior; Survival.

Organs are important because they affect  ____Behavior_____, _____Survival____, and ____Growth____. The body part that gets blood to flow all over is part of the _Circulatory_______ system and while the structure of the body is protected by a layer of tissues, __Muscles____ are the actual organs that allow for movement.

Animals Sixth Sense

Perception

The famous philosopher Aristotle was the first to assign humans with five traditional senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. However, if he was categorizing animals, his list of senses might have been longer. Several animals possess additional perceptive abilities that allow them to experience the world in ways we can barely imagine

Pit vipers

Venomous snakes of this family of are most easily identified by a pair of deep "pits" that can be found between the nostril and the eye. These pits are actually heat-sensing organs that allow the snakes to see in infrared — an invaluable sixth sense for a predator that often hunts at night.

The sense is so sensitive that pit vipers can accurately judge the distance and size of their prey even when their other senses are deprived.

 Dolphins and porpoises

These charismatic sea mammals have the incredible sixth sense of echolocation. Because sound travels better in water than in air, dolphins are able to create a three-dimensional visual representation of their surroundings based entirely on sound waves, much like a sonar device.

This is a necessary adaptation, especially for river dolphins, because vision is often extremely limited in murky water. Dolphins can navigate through a river of tangled branches with ease even if their eyes completely covered.

Sharks

Electroreception is the amazing ability of sharks and rays to detect electrical fields in their surroundings.

In fact, the strange shape of a hammerhead shark's head is specially designed for an enhanced electroreceptive sense. Because salt water is such a good conductor of electricity, sharks with a refined sixth sense can detect their prey from the electrical charges that are emitted when a fish contracts its muscles.

The sense is so sensitive that some sharks can pick up the change in electrical current of two AA batteries that were connected 1,000 miles apart, even if one was drained out.

Bats

Many insectivorous bats, often referred to as "microbats", are capable of using echolocation to catch their prey and for navigating through dark caves and the night sky.

They have a larynx capable of generating ultrasound, which they emit through their mouths or nose. As the sound echoes through their surroundings, sound waves bounce back and give the bats a radar-like "view" of their surroundings. In fact, these bats often have strange, wrinkled faces that function like an ear to better pick up the sound.

Platypus

These bizarre, duck-billed, egg-laying mammals have an incredible sense of electroreception that is similar to the sixth sense of sharks. They use electroreceptors within the skin of their bills to detect the electrical field that gets generated when their prey contracts its muscles.

A platypus swings its head from side to side while swimming as a way to enhance this sense. The bill is also lined with mechanoreceptors, which give the animal an acute sense of touch and make the platypus' bill its primary sense organ.

Butterfly 

Butterflies don’t really have mouths, much less taste buds, to help them decide if food tastes good or bad. Instead, they use their feet!

To eat, a butterfly unwinds a long, skinny part of its body called a proboscis, and sucks up liquids like nectars and juices. It works for nutrients, but the proboscis does not have sensors to determine taste. Instead, those sensors are located on the back of the butterfly’s legs. The insect will step on its food to sense dissolving sugars.  Even more importantly, a female butterfly will use her feet to drum on a plant and “taste” its juices. This helps her decide if the leaf would be edible to a caterpillar, and therefore, if she has found a suitable place to lay eggs.

https://worldstrides.com/2011/12/butterfly-taste-buds/

http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/photos/11-animals-that-have-a-sixth-sense/perception#top-desktop

Echolocation- Bats

How animals see the world

Eletroreception Platypus

Electroreception Sharks

Infrasound Elephants

How organisms respond to changes in their environment

An animal’s response to a stimulus is coordinated by their central nervous system (CNS).

Responding to a stimulus

A stimulus is a change in the environment of an organism.

Animals respond to a stimulus in order to keep themselves in favourable conditions.

Examples of this include:

• moving to somewhere warmer if they are too cold
• moving towards food if they are hungry
• moving away from danger to protect themselves

Animals that do not respond to a stimulus do not survive for long.

An animal’s response to a stimulus is coordinated by their central nervous system (CNS). The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. It gathers information about, and responds to, changes in the environment.

Receptors respond to a stimulus and send impulses along sensory neurons to the CNS. The CNS coordinates the information and sends impulses along motor neuronsto the effectors, which bring about a response. The sequence is as follows:

1. Stimulus
2. Receptor
3. Sensory neuron
4. Central nervous system
5. Motor neuron
6. Effector
7. Response

There are light receptors in the eye

Some receptors are found in the skin. Other receptors can form part of complex organs, such as:

• light receptor cells in the retina of the eye
• hormone-secreting cells in hormone glands
• muscle cells
• position receptors in the inner ear
• sound receptors in the ear
• touch, pressure, temperature and pain receptors in skin
• chemical receptors in the nose and tongue

The peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of motor and sensory neurons that carry information from the receptors to the CNS, as well as instructions from the CNS to the effectors.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_pre_2011/brain_mind/environmentrev1.shtml

Brain and mind

How organisms respond to changes in their environment - Test

Top of Form

1.

A stimulus can be caused by...

  x a change in the environment.

sensory deprivation.

a constant environment.

2.Which answer best describes why animals respond to a stimulus?

To move away from favourable conditions

To relieve boredom

  x To remain in favourable conditions

3.Which of the following statements about the central nervous system (CNS) and sensory neurons is true?

The CNS sends impulses along sensory neurons to receptors.

  x Sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to the CNS.

Receptors receive impulses from the sensory neurons through the CNS.

4.Which of the following statements about the central nervous system (CNS) and motor neurons is true?

Effectors send impulses along motor neurons to the CNS.

The CNS carries impulses from the effectors to the motor neurons.

  x Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to effectors.

5.Which of the following form part of the central nervous system?

receptors and effectors

sensory and motor neurons

  x brain and spinal cord

6.Which of the following form part of the peripheral nervous system?

receptors and effectors

  x sensory and motor neurons

brain and spinal cord

Video- Animal Adaptations

Animal adaptations

Animal Adaptations

This planet is full of different animals. They can be easily found anywhere. They are easily adapted to conditions of their living area. With this, their body helps them to survive in that particular place. They develop their body parts in such way that living and finding food becomes easier for them even in odd conditions. These changes in their bodies are called physical adaptation. Each and every adaptation takes time. It might take some years or more than one generation. That change may be in size or shape of the animal or in their behaviour. With the climate changes, animal who cannot adapt, will not survive. And the ones, who have survived, will produce babies. It will be quite easier for those babies to adapt the changes.

Most of the time, these adaptations are caused by fear of predators, food requirements, difficulties in living and some other reasons. Some examples of these adaptations are given below: –

• Migration: – Animal who live in extreme cold or extreme hot places, when they fail to survive in odd environmental conditions. They migrate from that place to some more suitable place.
• Camouflage: – Some animals have ability that they can change their colour to match their background. This way is used to hide from predators or to seem less interesting to them.
• Hibernation: – If harsh environmental conditions make the survival difficult then some animals go in hibernation mode. It is a way to save energy.
• Resource conservation: – Camels are the best example of this type of adaptation. They are found in deserts, an area with lack of water. Camels are known to store water in their hump for later uses.

 http://easyscienceforkids.com/animal-adaptations-for-kids-video-for-kids/

Different ways to communicate through sound.

Drums:

When you think of a drum, what image does it bring to mind? A rock band? A marching band? Many of us are unaware of the history behind this amazing instrument, and that it has been used for communication for hundreds of years. 

1. Drums are used for communicating over long distances

Africans and Europeans developed a wireless communication system long before cell phones were invented! In a time and place where roads didn’t exist, men went into deep in the forest to hunt and women walked long distances to gardens. They needed a way to be informed if something went wrong in town. Drums were used to send detailed messages from village to village much faster then a person could walk or ride a horse. The sound of talking drums could reach up to 4 to 5 miles. These drums have hollow chambers and long, narrow openings that resonate when they are struck. They are made out of hollow logs. The larger the log, the louder the sound would be. The drummer would communicate through phrases and pauses, and low tones referred to males while high tones referred to females. Some have called this a way to gossip, or learn information through the grapevine. 

2. Drums are used for slave communication and entertainment

As we all know, music can make any work much more fun to do as it energizes the workers. It the past, as hunters and gatherers were transitioning into seeders and harvesters, the drums made the boring and repetitive work fun instead of boring. It would help them to past the time playfully.

Drum rhythms are also a type of code. During the slave trades, drums were banned because the slaves were communicating to each other over long distances using a code their owners couldn’t understand.

4. Drums mimic the tone of human speech

The “talking drum” is an hourglass shaped drum from West Africa. The pitches that come from this drum can mimic the tone of human speech. It has two drumheads that are connected by leather tension cords. When the chords are squeezed, it changes the pitch of the drum. The leather cords are held under the arm of the player and squeezed while they play. The drum can capture pitch, volume, and rhythm of human speech.

Silbo gomero: A whistling language revived

There are no certainties about its origins. It is known that when the first European settlers arrived at La Gomera (Canary Islands- Spain)  in the 15th Century, the inhabitants of the island - of North African origin - communicated with whistles.

These whistles reproduced the indigenous language. With the arrival of the Spanish, the locals adapted the whistling language to Spanish.

So the most likely theory is that the whistle came with the settlers from Africa, where there are records of other whistled languages.

Some locals recall its widespread use in the 1940s and 50s.

"In the old days, when the mountain caught fire, something that happens quite frequently in the island, the Guardia Civil came to pick us up," says Lino Rodriguez, an old whistler.

"And no matter what we were doing, they put us in a truck and drove us to put out the fire.

"So, to avoid them, we passed a message between us whistling: 'You have to hide, the Guardia Civil is coming!' And because they didn't whistle, they didn't understand what we were saying and couldn't find us."

"The thing is that here, learning to whistle wasn't a matter of pleasure. It was an obligation, a necessity. If you didn't know how to do it, you would have to walk to give a message. And as the houses are far from each other, and there were no roads or phones, whistling was easier than walking," he says.

Watch the video and read the full article on the site below.

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20953138

What is Morse Code?

LOL! BFF! IDK! Think about how convenient it is to send a text message. With the typing of a few letters on a mobile device, you can send a message for someone else to read. Well, long before there were cell phones and text messages, there were telegraphs and Morse code.

Morse code is a communication system that represents the alphabet and numbers with a series of dots, dashes or a combination of both. The dots are the short sounds and are also known as dits. The dashes are the long sounds and are also known as dahs. Because you can also tap out the dots and dashes, Morse code can be both seen and heard.

Can you guess who created Morse code? His name was Samuel Morse (go figure) and he created the code in the 1830s in response to the invention of the telegraph, which he also created. The telegraph was a machine that sent and received messages by sending electric currents on a wire. By using a series of electrical pulses, short bursts of electric energy, the telegraph could then make marks on a piece of paper. But, those marks would not mean anything without a code - thus, Morse code was born.

By 1866, a telegraph line was placed from Europe to the United States in order to be able to send Morse code messages across the Atlantic Ocean. Morse code became a key form of communication in the military. Remember that Morse code can be heard OR seen? Sometimes, soldiers would send the code visually by moving a spotlight up and down to represent the different letters.

On the site below you can write your own message using the morse code.

http://morsecode.scphillips.com/translator.html

References:

http://study.com/academy/lesson/morse-code-lesson-for-kids-history-alphabet-facts.html#lesson

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20953138    

https://www.omahaschoolofmusicanddance.com/5-ways-drums-are-used-to-communicate/