To Study!

1. How does the type of water found in a water ecosystem affect the kind of organisms that live there?


2. How are earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and plates all related?


3. How water can be found as a solid, liquid and gas? Explain your answer using the earth systems involved in this interaction.


4. An aquatic plant introduced to North America about 100 years ago reproduces rapidly and forms a thick mat on top of the water. How does this affect its lake environment?


a) It increases the populations of other aquatic plants.
b) It deceases the populations of fish and other animals.
c) It increases the amount of oxygen reaching other aquatic plants.
d) It decreases the amount of sunlight reaching other aquatic plants


5. Hurricanes get their energy from


a) cool ocean waters
b) warm ocean waters
c) increasing land temperatures
d) decreasing land temperatures

What is Ozone Layer?

The Earth’s Biosphere

The biosphere is defined as the sphere or area around the planet Earth where life exists. This zone of life is vast. Most lifeforms live on or near the surface of Earth. However, some live deep within the hydrosphere (oceans, lakes and streams), while others thrive in the depths of the lithosphere (solid portion of Earth). For this reason, mapping the exact borders of the biosphere is quite challenging.

Life Affects the Landscape

The lifeforms that make up the biosphere do more than just live on Earth. They also interact with it and are responsible for making great changes in the way that the Earth has evolved.

Consider the atmosphere. Our atmosphere is comprised of approximately 21% oxygen. Where did that oxygen come from? The early Earth did not have very much oxygen in the air. Most of it had been trapped by the seas, and locked up in the rocks and soil. Slowly over millions of years, plants released oxygen into the air, greatly increasing its abundance, and making animal life possible.

Life affects the landscape in many other ways. Plant roots help keep soil from being carried away by rain water. Small rodents and reptiles dig tunnels, beavers build dams, creating temporary lakes and ponds, and humans build a variety of projects large and small.

Without life, the planet Earth would have evolved very differently indeed.

Cycles, Balance, and Life

For hundreds of millions of years, the chemicals and elements found on Earth have remained relatively constant, or in other words, they have changed very little. The amount of one element or chemical in the Earth’s surface is practically the same as it was many millions of years ago. This consistency is one of the things that makes life on Earth possible.

This balance is maintained via complex interactions or cycles between the Earth and its organisms, or lifeforms. The elements of the Earth are taken into lifeforms, used to sustain the organism, and later released in the form of waste, or through decomposition upon the death of the organism.

Most of these cycles only take a few months or a few years to complete. However, some can take many millions of years.

https://kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/the-earths-biosphere/

Look at the picture and identify the Biosphere:

Earth's Systems Intercations

Four Spheres part 2 (Hydrosphere, Atmosphere)

Four Sphere Part 1 (Biosphere, Geosphere)

5 food groups

Fruits

Why is fruit important?

Fruit provides vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and many phytonutrients (nutrients naturally present in plants), which help your body stay healthy. Since fruit is low in kilojoules (energy) relative to many other foods, including it every day can help prevent excessive weight gain. Eating fruit may also help protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and some types of cancers (2). Different fruit can help protect the body in different ways, so it’s important to choose a variety of colours everyday such as:

• green (such as apples, grapes, kiwi fruit)

• orange (such as oranges, mango, peaches)

• yellow and red (such as strawberries, banana).

• purple (blueberries, plums, grapes)

Vegetables

Why are vegetables important?

Vegetables provide vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and many phytonutrients (nutrients naturally present in plants) that help your body stay healthy. Since vegetables are low in kilojoules (energy) relative to many other foods, including them every day can help prevent excessive weight gain. They may also help protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and some types of cancers (2). Different vegetables and fruit can help protect the body in different ways, so choose a variety of colours everyday, such as:

• green (broccoli, spinach, peas)

• orange (carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes)

• yellow and red (capsicum, tomatoes, corn).

• purple (beetroot and purple cabbage

Dairy

The foods in this group are excellent sources of calcium, which is important for strong, healthy bones. Not many other foods in our diet contain as much calcium as dairy foods. They also provide important nutrients such as protein, iodine, riboflavin and Vitamin B12. The best choices for children over two years of age are low or reduced-fat dairy products.

Why do we need calcium?

Think of your bones as a bank for calcium. If calcium is not deposited into the bank, it will be taken out and used in other areas of the body when needed, which can result in weak, brittle bones. Bones reach their peak density somewhere around age 20-25, so it’s important that calcium is consumed regularly throughout childhood, the teen years and even into the twenties and beyond to ensure bones are at their strongest.

 Examples of dairy:

• Milk

• Yoghurt

• Cheese

• Other milk-based products such as ice cream, fromage frais and dessert style custards or mousse do provide some calcium from milk, however they are likely to be high in saturated fat and sugar so they should not be eaten regularly.

• Alternatives such as soy, rice or almond milk. If you purchase alternatives to cow’s milk, always choose products that are fortified with calcium. Check the ingredients list to be sure.

Grains, breads & cereals

Why is it important for children to eat breads and cereals?

Breads and cereals are good sources of fibre, carbohydrates, protein and a wide range of vitamins and minerals. This food group should form the main source of kilojoules (energy) in the diet. Grains are an essential part of a healthy diet, providing nutrients and energy for a child’s normal growth and development.

Whole grains vs processed (white) grains

Whole grain foods are any foods that contain every part of the grain, including the outer layers, bran and germ. Processed, white grains have the bran removed which is where many of the nutrients are stored; they therefore end up having less nutritional value than whole grains. It is possible to purchase fortified grains and cereals in which the lost nutrients have been replaced by the manufacturer, however, wholegrain foods are still the best option.(whole grain and/or high fibre varieties of breads, cereals, rice, pasta, noodles, polenta, couscous, oats, quinoa and barley).

Meat, poultry, fish, eggs and more

Lean meats and poultry, along with fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds, and legumes and beans, make up this very important part of our daily diet. A person needs to eat these protein foods everyday, but why? Your body uses the protein you eat to make lots of specialised chemicals such as haemoglobin and adrenalin that have important jobs in the body. Protein also builds, maintains, and repairs the tissues in your body. Muscles and organs (such as your heart) are made of protein

Tips on eating protein:

• Vary the types of protein foods you eat each day as they each contain important but different nutrients.
• Choose lean meat and poultry to cut down on saturated fat, which is not good for your heart.
• Food such as sausages, ham, salami and devon do contain protein however they are high in saturated fat and salt so should only be eaten occasionally.
• Go meat free once or twice a week and base meals on legumes, eggs, nuts or tofu.
• Eat fish twice per week to get essential omega 3 fatty acids.

https://healthy-kids.com.au/food-nutrition/5-food-groups/

Carbohydrates

When you think of the word “Carbohydrates”, the first image that might pop into your head may be a bowl of pasta, a baked potato or a plate of rice. And you’re right! However, there are other foods that contain carbohydrates that may not be as obvious. These include nutritious foods such as fruit, dairy and legumes as well as foods with less nutritional value such as biscuits, cakes and lollies.

Carbohydrates are in most of the food we eat. For example, fruits contain the carbohydrate fructose and glucose, dairy has lactose, potato has starch and the list goes on. Carbohydrates are broken down by the body into simple sugars.  These sugars circulate in the blood stream and are used by the body’s cells for energy. The brain also uses one of these simple sugars (glucose) as its main energy source.  This is why children need carbohydrates to stay alert and active throughout the day. 

Which foods contain carbohydrate?

There are many foods that contain carbohydrates, however some foods are more nutrient rich than others. Since carbohydrates are all treated in the same way by the body, it is important to choose carbohydrates that also contain other nutrients. This ensures the body is not simply being provided with sugar but with other nutrients that it also requires to function.

Nutrition

Erosion and Soil

Weathering and Erosion

After watching the video, copy the questions in your science blogbook and answer them. Remember to write complete sentences with a nice handwriting.

1. What is erosion? What are the effects?

2. What is weathering? What are the effects?

Water Cycle